Massachusetts General Hospital CABG Surgery (A) case study free essay sample

Problem: The cost of the health care industry has always been rising since the early 1980s. It has been a growing concern in both the industry and society. Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) is no exception. Even though the average length of stay (LOS) for the patients in MGH has been declining (Exhibit 10), it is still the highest compared to their competitors (Exhibit 6). Besides the cost, there is no uniformity of process and standardization across different facilities and departments of the hospital. MGH lacks communication and coordination between the facilities. Key Issues: Dr. David Torchiana (Cardiac Surgeon) and Dr. Richard Bohmer (Quality Improvement Administrator) want to improve the process in the hospital by implementing a newly created care path across all the departments in the MGH without affecting the patients. Some of the key issues that MGH is facing are: Operating expenses are very high. The overall bottom-line profit compared to their operating revenues are very low. Exhibit 1 indicates that it is lower than 2%. This is mainly due to their high operating expense. Average length of stay in MGH for DRG is highest (Exhibit 7) compared to the other hospitals in the area. One of the reason is due to the operational inefficiencies. Lack of data to improve outcomes. No standard procedures or uniformity to improve coordination and communication between various medical disciplines and to improve overall quality. Standardizing the process is expected to reduce the length of stay for the patients by 20 to 30%. Expected resistance to accept change in process by personal in different areas or departments such as cardiologists, surgeons, physicians, nurses, anthologists, physical therapists, residents, non-medical staff etc., Capacity planning does not meet expectations especially such as floor needed for patient overflow, bed availability in Ellison 8 rooms, lack of staff in SICU, handling medical complications that requires longer stay in the hospital causing bottlenecks in Ellison room etc., (Exhibit 9) To address most of the above issues, the care path committee was formed and  it first picked the CABG surgery to implement the care path as the cardiac area is the highest utilizers of the resources in terms of cost and also number of days the beds are utilized (Exhibit 5). Moreover, implementing the care path in CABG surgery by Dr. Torchiana can act as a model for the rest of the groups and departments to follow. Alternatives: Process Focus: This is one of the process strategies that will improve the process and address the operational issues by reducing the cost and length of stay. Implementing the care path is focused on the process improvement. However, this would take intermediate to long term to implement and does not address the planning of capacity when there are overflow of patients, lack of beds in Ellison rooms or short of staff in SICU. Process Redesign: MGH can rethink the business processes to bring dramatic changes in the process and improve performance by focusing on cost, time, and customer value. The process can be hospital layout, payment methods, patient tracking system, outsourcing radiology (X-ray, CT-Scan, MRI) etc. These changes could help address individual areas of improvement. However, there is a heavy cost involved in radically changing the process and could make many staff unhappy. Changing the layout for example could also affect patients. Improve technology: This will increase the productivity especially in the surgery room where the cost is highest overall for the patient’s. There are several areas of technology where MGH could research on buying. Some of them are process control through information technology, robots to perform surgery, automated guided vehicles (AGVs) to transport clean linens in hospital. Technology can be used to educate patients, surgeons, nurses and all personnel involved in the hospital. It can also monitor patients and nurses using RFID. However, purchasing the machines would cost more and would not address the communication and coordination issues between the groups. Moreover, MGH cannot pass that cost to patients as 80% of the CABG patients are on DRG which means they cannot increase the price for these 80% of patients. Managing demand and capacity: MGH could forecast the demand and research the bottlenecks in each area of process flow diagram (Exhibit 8) such as surgery room, Ellison 8 rooms, SICU floor bed, and other hospital beds. Based on the research, they can increase or decrease the resources  such as staff or beds or even expand the facility. They need the data to forecast and manage the capacity. Without the data, it is impossible to manage the capacity. So MGH need to start collecting data to better manage the demand and available capacity. However, this would not help solve the current immediate problem in hand to improve the process and reduce costs. No change: The cost is increasing every year in the health care industry. There is no way to transfer these costs to patients as the services are already costly. Change is the only constant. Change is inevitable for MGH to survive in this industry. There are no pros with this option and several cons such as having no standards, poor communication and coordination between groups and poor maintenance of patient’s track records. Recommendation: The best alternative from the above is to adopt the strategy of focusing on the process (1st alternative). This can be achieved by the proposed care path. Most of the operational issues under Key issues section will be resolved by the care path. The operational costs are high as there are no standards leading to inefficient or poor coordination and communication between various medical disciplines degrading the overall quality. As mentioned in the case study, standardizing the process is expected to reduce the length of stay for the patients by 20 to 30%. This will also help to collect extensive information on each patient in computer database to assist in further research. Care path needs to be successfully implemented first with CABG surgery and then extended to all other practices slowly. This way, it will influence other groups and increase their acceptance of care path. Action plan: MGH should keep the care path flexible while implementing it. Dr. Torchiana must lead the efforts of rolling out the CABG care path plan with the help of Dr. Bohmer. It requires either charismatic or servant leadership style to implement. Servant leaders often lead by example. They have high integrity and lead with generosity. Dr. Torchiana is best suited given his involvement with several process improvements committees at MGH and his knowledge of the hospital. He can set an example by leading the care path for CABG using servant leadership style. Dr. Torchiana and Dr. Bohmer must Plan, Lead, Influence, Negotiate, and Communicate (PLINC) in all these efforts to successfully complete this challenge. Short Term (30 to 90 days): Team members of the CAGB care path must educate all the staff involved in CABG surgery (Exhibit 2 3). Educate the patients and reduce the length of stay following surgery to 5 days. It is the duty of the staff to educate the patients as per Education Pathway (Exhibit 4) to gain their trust. Document the implementation plan of care path and patient education pathway. Add visual representation of the process in each area. Start the implementation first with Pre-Operative and operation day for the short term. Communicate the implementation plan to all the staff involved during Pre-Operative and Operation day of the CABG surgery. Survey the patients to measure their satisfaction rate. Dr. Torchiana and Dr. Bohmer must meet to analyze the feedback collected by care path team members, analyze the data captured about the patients on weekly basis and fine-tune the process. Mid Term (90 days to 1 year): Dr. Torchiana and Dr. Bohmer must roll out the CABG care path implementation plan to rest of the phases including SICU, Post operation days in Ellison 8 rooms, discharge and post discharge. Dr. Bohmer must ensure the cooperation of all departments to successfully follow the care path. Perform a reality check of the implementation every month. Evaluate whether the physical therapy is needed prior to surgery and remove the process if it does not add value. Continue to provide the physical therapy after the surgery. Compare the operating costs and the profits (after operating expenses) for each quarter to verify if the operating costs have reduced. Dr. Torchiana and Dr. Bohmer must create the implementation plan for each of the DRG groups (Exhibit 5) and form the team members in each DRG group. Long Term (2 to 5 years): Dr. Torchiana and Dr. Bohmer must repeat the rollout plan that has been successfully implemented for CABG surgery to the rest of the DRG groups (other than CABG surgery) based on the implementation plan created during mid-term. As the resources are streamlined using the CABG care path, it will be time to forecast the demand and plan for capacity addition using the realized profits obtained from reduced operating costs.

Choosing Argumentative Essay Topics For Biology Pre-Medical Students

Choosing Argumentative Essay Topics For Biology Pre-Medical StudentsAs a pre-med student, one of the most challenging parts of the course was to essay writing. I did not know how to choose a topic for my essays and I was pretty confused by all the arguments and reasoning, I would be required to put forth for each argument. Ultimately, I eventually chose to write about the Hispanic American experience in Latin America.When I first started out, I used to try and write for an entire semester without any real hope of getting past writer's block. Then I learned some of the more effective and best essay topics available to me and I was able to write more than one essay.The reasons for writing an essay on Hispanic American history in Latin America were not only to write about a political movement or interest. It was also to show students about culture, history, geography, and politics. Students are much more likely to retain their focus and interests if they can see this type of interconnec tivity between different topics.The Argumentative Essay Topic on Latino Americans in Latin America provided plenty of reasons for students to learn about other cultural backgrounds. Most importantly, students can see how this is important in their own lives and the challenges they will face as they get older. By using this method for writing, students can even learn about other social pressures from being a minority in America.Students should remember that most politicians do not like to get involved in a political movement. Most of them want to get elected and to be successful. The new politicians may claim that they are people who are trying to make the world a better place, but that is not how they have historically made it better.Even though politics is something that most Americans seem to be interested in, politicians are still looking to gain favors from the public and this is what they do when they get elected to public office. Most politicians want to get the money to expan d the government, so they can provide new infrastructure and improvements to society. When they talk about social change, it is because they need a way to raise the amount of taxes that they are eligible to receive.Their major focus is on raising taxes and seeing that everyone's taxes rise as their society expands. The influx of new people into the society will most likely need more infrastructure such as schools, hospitals, and hospitals. In this way, social change is met with two goals - to increase taxes and also provide infrastructure to the society.However, there are three main themes that students should use when writing an essay on Latino American history in Latin America. First, students should discuss the causes behind the social and political change that is happening in Latin America and the changing political landscape that will affect future generations.

A Special Gift Essays

A Special Gift Essays A Special Gift Essay A Special Gift Essay A customer has planned to go to the gift shop named â€Å"Samanikalo† to buy a special gift for her daughter. The salesman and the sales girl is dealing with the customer to choose a better gift for her daughter. The conversation begins as follow: Sales Girl: Hi, madam. How can I help you? Customer: I want to purchase a gift for my daughter to give it on her birthday. Sales Girl: How old is she? Customer : She is just nine years old. It should be something special and unique.Remember must be surprised too. Sales Girl: You know ours is the biggest gift shop in Malaysia isn’t? We have a large collection of gift items. We shall show you the latest items. Customer: Suggest me the items that can make my daughter happy. Salesman : Oh, sure madam. We would promote you to buy a doll named â€Å"Akka Chokka† which made in Abudabi. Customer: Let me see it first. Can you tell about the specialty of this doll?Salesman: Oh, of course. It greets in different languages, sings w onderful songs and shows emotional feelings. Customer: Can you show me? I want to see how it works. Salesman: ok. (Action) Customer: Oh, it’s really really beautiful. I really like it. Hope my daughter likes it too. Salesman: Yes, this doll is very popular among the female children. Sales Girl: Sure your daughter will like it. Customer: Can you tell me how to operate it?Salesman: Yes, press this green button and it will start greeting and when you press this yellow button it starts singing. Then, pull the string to show it’s emotional feelings. It’s too simple. Customer: All right. How much its cost for? Sales Girl: It would be for RM 100 only. Customer: Won’t you give some discounts ? Sales Girl: Yes madam, I can offer you ten-percent discount. Customer: That’s ok. Please pack it. Sales Girl: Here is your bill, madam. Customer: All right. Thank you. Sales Girl: Most welcome. Please visit us again.

Free Essays on Flannery OConner

Flannery O’Connor’s works are influenced by her real life. She was a deeply religious woman who also had a disease called Lupus, which actually ended her life at a young age of 39. I think she displayed her own traits in the stories she wrote in each story there was a main character who was either extremely religious or had some kind of medical ailment. "A Good Man Is Hard To Find" This story involves a family on a trip to Florida to visit relatives. The family consists of a mother, father, son, daughter, baby and a grandmother. The parents don't really pay attention to the babbling old grandmother; their values seem to be extremely different than hers. The grandmother has a strong southern heritage. Even the way, in which she dresses, she wants everyone to know that she's a lady. I think her values represent some of the values of O’Connor. The grandmother had her son take a detour to show the whole family a plantation she had once visited as a child. Once they were on their way she suddenly remembered that it was in an entirely different state! She got so embarrassed she jumped up knocked over the cat carrier, the cat jumped on her son's shoulder (who was driving) and they ended up in a ditch. When someone finally stopped to help, the grandmother went on and on about how familiar he looked. When she discovered that it was The Misfit all hell broke loos e. She single-handedly was responsible for the death of her entire family. This is the part of the story was where all the religion came into play. The Misfit represents evil and I noted how O’Connor capitalized "The Misfit" every time like you would capitalize God. At one point he compares himself to Christ and she said, "Jesus was the only One that ever raised the dead". (O’Connor, 459) He thinks that himself and Christ were both punished for crimes they didn't commit. The only problem I saw was that Christ accepted death for the sins of all people whereas The Misfit... Free Essays on Flannery O'Conner Free Essays on Flannery O'Conner Flannery O’Conner Flannery (Mary) O’Connor was an American writer, whose novels and short stories focused on humanities spiritual problems and the non-existent care for redemption earned her a unique place in 20th-century American fiction. She was born in Savannah, Georgia, she was educated at the Georgia State College for Women and the State University of Iowa (now we know it as University of Iowa). Most of her life was spent in Milledgeville, Georgia, where she raised peacocks and wrote. O'Connor's work, essentially two novels and two volumes of short stories, has been described as an unlikely mixture of southern Gothic, prophecy, and evangelistic Roman Catholicism. The novels are Wise Blood (1952) and The Violent Bear It Away (1960); the short-story collections are A Good Man Is Hard to Find (1955) and Everything that Rises Must Converge (published posthumously, 1965). O'Connor is frequently compared to the American novelist William Faulkner for her portrayal of southern character and milieu and to the Austrian writer Franz Kafnka for her preoccupation with gross things that most don’t like to think about. A basic theme of her work is the individual's vain attempt to escape the grace of God, and her work is profoundly and pervasively religious. She died of lupus, a disease that crippled her for the last ten years of her life. We of course know her best (or at least I do) for her short story A Good Man is Hard to Find (!955). A Good Man is Hard to Find is consistent with Mary Flannery O'Connor's view that contemporary society was drastically changing for the worse. O'Connor's obvious displeasure with society at the time has often been attributed to her Catholic religion, her studies in the social science field, and the fact that the celebrated lifestyles of the elite southern whites were "Gone with the Wind.† Evidence of society's "demise" is woven into the story, and presented through an interesting generation ga... Free Essays on Flannery O'Conner Flannery O’Connor’s works are influenced by her real life. She was a deeply religious woman who also had a disease called Lupus, which actually ended her life at a young age of 39. I think she displayed her own traits in the stories she wrote in each story there was a main character who was either extremely religious or had some kind of medical ailment. "A Good Man Is Hard To Find" This story involves a family on a trip to Florida to visit relatives. The family consists of a mother, father, son, daughter, baby and a grandmother. The parents don't really pay attention to the babbling old grandmother; their values seem to be extremely different than hers. The grandmother has a strong southern heritage. Even the way, in which she dresses, she wants everyone to know that she's a lady. I think her values represent some of the values of O’Connor. The grandmother had her son take a detour to show the whole family a plantation she had once visited as a child. Once they were on their way she suddenly remembered that it was in an entirely different state! She got so embarrassed she jumped up knocked over the cat carrier, the cat jumped on her son's shoulder (who was driving) and they ended up in a ditch. When someone finally stopped to help, the grandmother went on and on about how familiar he looked. When she discovered that it was The Misfit all hell broke loos e. She single-handedly was responsible for the death of her entire family. This is the part of the story was where all the religion came into play. The Misfit represents evil and I noted how O’Connor capitalized "The Misfit" every time like you would capitalize God. At one point he compares himself to Christ and she said, "Jesus was the only One that ever raised the dead". (O’Connor, 459) He thinks that himself and Christ were both punished for crimes they didn't commit. The only problem I saw was that Christ accepted death for the sins of all people whereas The Misfit...

The Indiscriminate Nature of Cancer Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Indiscriminate Nature of Cancer - Case Study Example The WHO and The Pfizer Medical officers held their research from different perspectives of age, one at a tender age, and the other at his sunset days. For instance, Mariam’s case explains why the failure of people to make use of the available knowledge about chronic disease prevention and control mechanism continues to endanger the future generations (Redman, 2007). Mariam case exemplifies the culture shock, most impounding on the poor majority of the global community. The Sridhar’s case is a cancer condition brought by his way of living. Having chewed tobacco and drank heavily since his youthful days, this lifestyle has deteriorated his respiratory and blood systems resulting in cancer. Since cancer continues to endanger people’s lives through such lifestyles, the main issue lies in having enough knowledge and awareness or resources, like Mariam’s problem, to prevent the spread of cancer (Ray, 2005). Studies done in India to examine the percentage of elde rly people at risk of having cancer or already battling with it indicates that 2.3 percent is battling with cancer while 4.5 percent risks being victims due to their lifestyle (Weisman, 2002). In Tanzania, the researcher also found that the younger generation born of able families, despite their lavish and uncontrolled feeding habits had a1.9 percent chances of having cancer. In addition, children from poverty-stricken families have uncontrolled eating habits yet cannot afford reasonable medical cover, hence 5 percent of them are more susceptible to cancer at tender ages of 14-25 years (Mukherjee, 2010). The WHO and The Pfizer Medical researchers separated the two cases in order to highlight their assessment. The most important issue that the group had in place was to disseminate the knowledge in understanding what cancer was. By making cancer more realistic to the youthful generation, not only in India but also in Tanzania, the group thought this would alter the resultant effects of cancer in old days because of unreasonable living (Ray, 2005).  Ã‚  

Finding a solution for Underage Drinking in Miami Essay

Finding a solution for Underage Drinking in Miami - Essay Example In the same population, 24% of them had confessed to have taken alcohol in the past month while 9% reported to have been drunk in the course of the month. This level of consumption is undoubtedly higher than that of other drugs such as tobacco and any other illegal drug. The other concern on alcohol consumption is its high correlation with myriad social, emotional and behavioral problems such as accidents, stealing, depression, involvement in violent behavior, use of illegal drugs and missing school among others (Richard et al 2012). Besides these immediate problems early initiation of alcohol is also associated with complex alcohol related problems in later years. Early consumption of alcohol that is by age 15 also represented a very high likelihood of developing alcohol dependence (Scott Tippetts, et al 2009). This is a likelihood of 4 times more than those who start drinking at age 21. A more current study reveals a similar picture among the youth. A 2005 survey went further and i ndicated that 5400 young people below the age of 16 get initiated to alcohol on a daily basis (Lipperman-Kreda, Grube & Paschall, 2010). These statistics as well as other more recent and growing studies on alcohol consumption reveal a worrying trend among young people. This calls for prompt action to arrest the growing numbers of underage drinkers. This study focuses on finding a long lasting solution which would complement the ongoing efforts to curb underage drinking in Miami. In United States the legal drinking age is 21, yet the number of underage drinkers’ remains high begging several questions, one of these questions is where do these underage drinkers get alcohol? This is mainly worrying as the law demands that no single establishment should sell alcohol to an underage (Main, 2009). Irrespective of this directive 92.2%, 82.6%, and 62% of 12th, 10th, and 8th grades respectively attested to the fact that accessing alcohol was fairly or very easy. The focus on alcohol sup ply and access is fundamental to any study seeking to stop the supply of alcohol to the underage (Lipperman-Kreda, Grube & Paschall, 2010). This is because cutting short the supply is the single most effective means of ensuring that under age drinking is curtailed. Studies reveal that alcohol supply to this group mainly comes from social or economic sources. Economic sources represent commercial establishments dealing with alcohol meaning that some of them blatantly ignore the established laws. In regard to social sources, these are mainly home set ups, where this group accesses alcohol when the adults are absent or during parties (Richard et al 2012). Most effort has been directed to curbing alcohol supply to underage drinkers from the commercial set up. This has been targeted through law and directives which are manifested through compliance checks and cops-in-shops. Similar effort has been made in the social settings through such activity as party dispersal programs (Wachtler, 20 11). The success of these measures has been evident overtime and it would be misleading to point out that these have not helped in deterring use and possession of alcohol by this grouping. Evidence overtime has shown that tackling of underage drinking through stringent laws and policies is quite effective (Maimo & Christopher, 2012). The evidence of this is seen in cases where a given policy is properly enforced, for instance the school anti-smoking policy was seen to

The strength of opposition to impact the New Deal in the period 1933-1937 Essay Example for Free

The strength of opposition to impact the New Deal in the period 1933-1937 Essay The New Deal had serious competition, which was fundamental towards the New Deal particularly in the period of 1933-1937 in numerous ways. There were alternatives which factored towards helping the economy providing radical yet simplistic reforms, several pressure groups also hindered the success of the New Deal, it was scrutinized by both sides of the political spectrum where Hugh Brogan claims the Left for not doing enough1 this is true, certain left wing activists such as Francis Townsend2, Father Coughlin3 and Huey Long4 did not enhance their potential to cause everlasting impact. He also claims the right for doing too much5 this can be interpreted differently, but I partially agree that the Liberty League tried to prevent the success of the New Deal as business leaders were not going to help him6 this suggests the Right aimed to hinder rather than help the New Deal. The strength of opposition had potential to cause serious impact, this varied as some more than others contributed. It is unclear how opposition enforced certain policies, but they certainly cause change to some extent, where many were able to prosper, as it was clear that society needs reform7. Politically there was enough opposition to create severe importance however there were also other schemes that contributed to impacting the New Deal, but I believe due to the New Deals success in the beginning created no opportunity for oppositional groups to contribute any significance, no matter how strong they were to influence the New Deal. From the Left, many activists had their own ideologies and beliefs, many like Huey Long, Francis Townsend and Father Coughlin believed the New Deal were not going far enough which Coughlin envisaged, yet he initially stated the New Deal is Christs Deal8 however he turned against the New Deal because Roosevelt failed to carry on his radical reforms, which should not be underestimated as Roosevelt was afraid of Coughlins influence9 his sheer strength alone was enough to cause change, he had influenced 40 million Americans listening to his radio sermons, this was more popular than FDRs fireside chats10 his significance was minor however he did prove to be a threat, but It is evident that Coughlin could not of done much to impact the New Deal because it seems his polices were vague11 his inconsistency of ideologies proved to be his downfall, when attacking the New Deal he believed it was a communist conspiracy, yet he too fought for similar polices which I believe worsened his credibilit y, overall his authority and strength did impact the economy, his significance undoubtedly was there yet lost popularity consequently losing his radio program, but he was too radical to have any importance towards the New Deal his radical style seemed to alienate his audience12 this again was another reason why he could not generate enough support to overwhelm the New Deal, numerous historians such as . Evidently Townsend was different from conventional opponents of the New Deal, he wanted to improve the New Deal13 this was successful as he implemented many ways that prolonged the New Deal becoming more effective. Clearly suggests that Townsends ideas influenced Roosevelts thinking of the New Deal14 Pennington believed that Townsend proved to be beneficial, similar to Coughlin he too had support of 5 million members, but in my view he was inadequate, yes he helped pass through the Social Security Act, which incorporated the Old Age Revolving Pensions however it was not received by elderly people15 which undermines his impact of the New Deal. His significance is questionable, but he provided alternatives that contributed towards helping the economy. Lastly from the left, and definitely perceived to be the biggest threat to the New Deal was Huey Long, like Coughlin was an early supporter of the New Deal16, he was otherwise known as the Kingfish17 who consisted the characteristics of intelligent, avaricious and cynical18 he too was a strident critic19 of the New Deal, he pinpointed certain aspects which help provide solutions towards the economy. He proved to be influential which his Share Our Wealth Scheme showing creative methods of financing public works in Louisiana20 I believe it is considered to appeal to mainly the poor, but Roosevelt acknowledged this, I assume Roosevelt used Longs ideas compared to Townsend and Coughlin as he proved that policies actually worked thus most of his policies would have been employed in the New Deal. However he too seemed inadequate, as, he was not offered a federal post21 which suggests his contribution to the New Deal would have been minute. His significance in Louisiana was successful however it is questionable if his ideas would be embraced on a national level; I firmly believe his policies would not have been favorable, as it is evident because the 1936 election provided a strong belief in capitalism with 27 million Americans behind Roosevelt also it was suggested that it was highly improbable22 that he would of beaten Roosevelt in 1936 election this highlights his weaknesses when facing the New Deal, was not able to generate enough support which was also another problem with many opponents of the New Deal. Certainly from the Left they had much in common23 they all disliked Roosevelt, this was stated by Badger which I to some extent agree yet it is deemed that they all addressed the real problems and the real Deals failings which supports the assertion of opposition being beneficial, highlighting the failures of the New Deal, clearly Roosevelt would have been aware of this, it is thought of the Left advocating simple solutions24 however their solutions did not bring the results25, it was possible for Long to Capitalize support from Coughlin and Townsend, crushing Roosevelt and the New Deal the picture source26 strengthens Badgers assertion that the New Deal was often flawed because of the cost but as the New Deal provided many Left wing polices, it only enhanced the New Deal evidently showing more organisation and impact covering most aspects of America thus shunning any credit from opposition, it is evidently shown resulting from the second New Deal with the Social Security Act, Rural electrification27 and also National Labour Relations Act consequently quietening opposition of the New Deal. It is clear that they were too radical to go beyond the New Deal; it must also be considered that the New Deal created 6 million Jobs, yet 11 million were still unemployed, this was where the Left incorporated their radical views, yet they were often flawed which prevented their success. The Left did have more significance compared to the right as certain movements and parties helped the New Deal in many aspects, which Clements pinpointed Governor Floyd B Olson of Minnesota, led the Farmer-Labour Party introducing many radical economic reforms but similar to Long, they both died which their policies died with them as well. Picture Source 128 portrays Roosevelts success of the New Deal by focusing on the forgotten man, where he utters Yes, You Remembered Me29 this clearly indicates all opposition were all insufficient to help, clearly his success preventing opposition to generate any momentum to play down the New Deal, also Amity Shales suggests opposition proved shrill and marginal he also claims that from the Liberty League to Father Coughlin proved to have no such impact, but I believe he underestimated the potential that they created, they could of generated a superior strength, during the period of political change, during a period where Hitler was able to be dictator of Germany, opposition, especially from the Left could easily of overhauled Roosevelt and the New Deal. Certainly there were creative ways of tackling the Depression; however the New Deal was superior during a time of confusion and despair. The New Deal from face value looked turn things around, and certainly they provided stability and prosperity. Establishing authority in which opposition found hard to compete with. All opposition clearly impacted the New Deal in some way, but I truly believe that the Republican Party proved to be the biggest threat of all, as they created different ways of restraining the new Deal success, they also link with the Supreme Court surprisingly the most significant opposition came within Roosevelts government, as it was mostly dominated by republican judges, they were striking down some of the New Deals Measures30 they clearly impacted the New Deal, however unlike the Left it did not necessarily benefit New Dealers, it can be seen as restraining the success of the New Deal as they declared 11 out of 16 of the alphabet agencies were unconstitutional31. Roosevelt believed the Supreme Court hindered rather than help the New Deal, Roosevelt tried to use a notion of court packing32 where judges over 70 should retire, however this backfired, arguably worsening his reputation, which reflected towards the New Deal badly, also considered to be the darkest moment33 of FDRs campaign, yet it is suggested that Roosevelt responded with compromise34 based on the context of the supreme court it clearly shows no compromise towards the Republican judges but its impact is shown however their contribution was . Roosevelt did handle his opponents effectively, it is claimed that FDR would take the fire out of opposing arguments35 by cooperation, which he successfully did with Townsend and Long, however there were times where he failed to understand the strength of opposition when it comes towards the Supreme Court, he was ambitious to limit their power however he did underestimate the strength In which they condemned Roosevelts actions. The strongest opposition from the Left would be Huey Long, yet from the right it would be the Liberty League, In conclusion opposition to the New Deal was significant; they demonstrated a variety of alternatives which challenged the New Deal. Both sides of opposition certainly contributed to influence the New Deal, but I believe Bibliography 1) Kathryn Cooper 2) Anthony Badger 3) Clements 4) The Roosevelts Presence 5) Joanne de Pennington 6) The New Deal-Americas Response to the New Deal 7) The USA 1917-45 Doug and Susan Willoughby 8) Franklin D Roosevelt Profiles in Power Patrick Renshaw 9) The presidency of Franklin D Roosevelt by George Mc Jimsey 10) The forgotten Man- Amity Shlaes-picture source 11) The survival of Democracy Alonzo L Hamby 12) The Limits of Liberty- American History 13) Hugh Brogan, The penguin History of the United States of America 14) Chris Rone AQA history USA 15) The FDR years On Roosevelt and his Legacy. 1 Hugh Brogan The penguin History Of United History of United States America p560 2 Francis Townsend focused on boosting the economy by raising pensions over 60s 3 Charles Coughlin a Canadian priest who broadcasted popular sermons 4 Huey Long, Governor of Louisiana, Launched Share Our Wealth Campaign 5 Hugh Brogan The penguin History Of United History of United States America p560 6 Hugh Brogan The penguin History Of United History of United States America p560 7 Joanne de Pennington p128-129 8 Susan and Doug Willoughby p139 9 Peter Clements prosperity Depression and the New Deal the USA 1890-1954 p146-150 10 Susan and Doug Willoughby p139 11 The Era of Franklin D.Roosevelt, 1932-1945: A Brief History with Documents 12 http://www.dtman.com/steve_private/school/newdeal.htm 13 Susan and Doug Willoughby p139 14 Joanne de Pennington p128-129 15 Susan and Doug Willoughby p139 16 http://www.dtman.com/steve_private/school/newdeal.htm 17 He was called the Kingfish from the radio show of Amos and Andy 18 The survival of Democracy-Alonzo L. Hamby FDR and the world in crisis p262-263 19 The survival of Democracy-Alonzo L. Hamby FDR and the world in crisis p262-263 20 http://www.dtman.com/steve_private/school/newdeal.htm 21 http://www.dtman.com/steve_private/school/newdeal.htm 22 http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/New_Deal_opposition.htm 23 Anthony Badger The New Deal p292-294 24 Anthony Badger The New Deal p292-294 25 Anthony Badger The New Deal p292-294 26 http://resources.dynamic-learning.co.uk/Titles/MWH_2/e2de78b5-0012-4643-933a-ef 27 Joanne De Penningtonp128-129 28 The Forgotten Man- Amity Shales Picture Source 29 The Forgotten Man- Amity Shales Picture Source 30 Limits of Liberty American History 1607-1980 p462-463 31 http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/New_Deal_opposition.htm 32 http://www.dtman.com/steve_private/school/newdeal.htm 33 http://www.dtman.com/steve_private/school/newdeal.htm 34 http://www.dtman.com/steve_private/school/newdeal.htm 35 http://www.dtman.com/steve_private/school/newdeal.htm